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Using hydrochemical signatures to characterize the long-period evolution of groundwater information in the Dagu River Basin, China

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1393-7

摘要：

• The long-period groundwater evolution was identified by hydrochemical signatures.

关键词： Groundwater quality Hydrochemical signatures Spatial-temporal variations Water-rock interactions Anthropogenic interventions

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Water, energy and food interactions–Challenges and opportunities

Gustaf OLSSON

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第5期页码 787-793 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0526-z

摘要： Water and energy are inextricably linked, and as a consequence both have to be addressed together. This is called the water-energy nexus. When access to either is limited, it becomes obvious that it is necessary to consider their interdependence. Population growth, climate change, urbanization, increasing living standards and food consumption will require an integrated approach where food, water and energy security are considered together. In this paper we examine water, energy and food security and their couplings. The nexus also creates conflicts between water use, energy extraction and generation as well as food production. Some of these conflicts are illustrated. It is argued that there is an urgent need for integrated planning and operation. Not only will better technology be needed, but also better integration of policies, organizations and political decisions.

关键词： water security energy security food security water-energy nexus water conflicts

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THE 4C APPROACH AS A WAY TO UNDERSTAND SPECIES INTERACTIONS DETERMINING INTERCROPPING PRODUCTIVITY

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第3期页码 387-399 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021414

摘要：

Modern agriculture needs to develop transition pathways toward agroecological, resilient and sustainable farming systems. One key pathway for such agroecological intensification is the diversification of cropping systems using intercropping and notably cereal-grain legume mixtures. Such mixtures or intercrops have the potential to increase and stabilize yields and improve cereal grain protein concentration in comparison to sole crops. Species mixtures are complex and the 4C approach is both a pedagogical and scientific way to represent the combination of four joint effects of Competition, Complementarity, Cooperation, and Compensation as processes or effects occurring simultaneously and dynamically between species over the whole cropping cycle. Competition is when plants have fairly similar requirements for abiotic resources in space and time, the result of all processes that occur when one species has a greater ability to use limiting resources (e.g., nutrients, water, space, light) than others. Complementarity is when plants grown together have different requirements for abiotic resources in space, time or form. Cooperation is when the modification of the environment by one species is beneficial to the other(s). Compensation is when the failure of one species is compensated by the other(s) because they differ in their sensitivity to abiotic stress. The 4C approach allows to assess the performance of arable intercropping versus classical sole cropping through understanding the use of abiotic resources.

关键词： compensation competition complementarity cooperation interspecific interactions land equivalent ratio light nutrients species mixtures water

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WATER POLLUTION AND AGRICULTURE: MULTI-POLLUTANT PERSPECTIVES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第4期页码 639-647 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023527

摘要：

Agriculture is an important cause of multiple pollutants in water. With population growth and increasing food demand, more nutrients, plastics, pesticides, pathogens and antibiotics are expected to enter water systems in the 21st century. As a result, water science has been shifting from single-pollutant to multi-pollutant perspectives for large-scale water quality assessments. This perspective paper summarizes and discusses four main highlights related to water pollution and agriculture from the multi-pollutant perspective. These highlights reveal the spatial and temporal distribution and main sources of multiple pollutants in waters. Based on the highlights, a scientific agenda is proposed to prioritize solutions for sustainable agriculture (UN Sustainable Development Goal 2) and clean water (UN Sustainable Development Goals 6 and 14). This agenda points out that when formulating solutions for water pollution, it is essential to take into account multiple pollutants and their interactions beyond biogeochemistry.

关键词： water quality agriculture multi-pollutant assessment hotspots interactions

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The effect of pH, solid content, water chemistry and ore mineralogy on the galvanic interactions between

Asghar Azizi, Seid Ziaoddin Shafaei, Mohammad Noaparast, Mohammad Karamoozian

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 464-471 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1356-z

摘要： The role of pH, solid content, water chemistry and ore mineralogy on the galvanic interactions between chalcopyrite and pyrite and low alloy steel balls were investigated in the grinding of Sarcheshmeh porphyry copper sulfide ore. All these factors strongly affect the galvanic current between the minerals and the steel during the grinding process. The galvanic current density decreased as the solution pH and percent solids increased. In addition, changing the water in the ball mill from tap to distilled water reduced the galvanic current between the minerals and the balls. Potentiodynamic polarization curves showed that pyrite and chalcopyrite demonstrated typical active-passive-transpassive anodic behavior in the grinding of copper ore. However, the nature of their transitions from the active to the passive state differed. This behavior was not seen in the grinding of pure minerals. In addition, an EDTA extraction technique was employed to quantify the amount of oxidized iron in the mill discharge. The amount of extractable iron was influenced by the same experimental factors and in the same way as the galvanic current.

关键词： steel ball galvanic interaction pyrite chalcopyrite polarization curves

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青藏高原多圈层相互作用观测工程及其应用

马耀明

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第9期页码 28-34

摘要：

青藏高原作为地球的第三极，是“水—冰—气—生”多圈层体现最全，且相互作用最强烈的地区。高原强大的动力和热力作用显著地影响着东亚气候格局、亚洲季风进程和北半球大气环流。全球气候变化不仅影响到青藏高原本身的水圈与冰冻圈过程，改变青藏高原内部的生态系统与环境，影响该地区社会经济发展与人民生存条件，而且通过大气环流与水循环过程直接影响到东亚及周边国家的用水安全和自然灾害防护。正确认识青藏高原复杂地表多圈层相互作用规律的一条有效途径是在各种不同的下垫面上建立多圈层相互作用综合观测站（点）。在中国科学院和国家相关部门的支持下，过去的7年中，中国科学院青藏高原研究所与其他相关单位一道正在整个青藏高原面上逐步建立“青藏高原观测研究平台”以研究该地区复杂地表的多圈层相互作用规律。首先具体介绍中国科学院青藏高原研究所在高原上已经建立的5个综合观测研究站，然后介绍利用各个站点观测资料分析得到的多圈层相互作用（主要是地气相互作用）的研究结果，最后提出了青藏高原多圈层相互作用观测试验研究所面临的难题和可能的解决办法。

关键词：青藏高原多圈层相互作用过程观测结果

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三峡深水高土石围堰工程科技创新

戴会超

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第7期页码 11-16

摘要：

三峡二期深水高土石围堰是一项具有挑战性的高难度工程项目，其面临的技术难题远远超过国内外同类工程的水平。在1998—2002年4年多的运行中，围堰保护了左岸大坝和厂房的施工基坑，并经受了1998年长江大洪水的考验，使二期工程得以顺利建成。二期围堰工程质量优良,圆满地完成了历史任务。文章从试验研究、设计施工、组织管理、安全监测及运用后拆除等各个方面进行了全过程、全方位的系统介绍。

关键词：三峡工程深水高土石围堰设计施工

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Pt–C interactions in carbon-supported Pt-based electrocatalysts

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第11期页码 1677-1697 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2300-5

摘要： Carbon-supported Pt-based materials are highly promising electrocatalysts. The carbon support plays an important role in the Pt-based catalysts by remarkably influencing the growth, particle size, morphology, dispersion, electronic structure, physiochemical property and function of Pt. This review summarizes recent progress made in the development of carbon-supported Pt-based catalysts, with special emphasis being given to how activity and stability enhancements are related to Pt–C interactions in various carbon supports, including porous carbon, heteroatom doped carbon, carbon-based binary support, and their corresponding electrocatalytic applications. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects in the development of carbon-supported Pt-based catalysts are discussed.

关键词： Pt–C interactions Pt-based materials carbon support electrocatalysis

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干热岩辅助采油可行性研究

王学忠

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第3期页码 104-106

摘要：

为降低稠油热采成本,以燃烧原油生产蒸汽进行热力开采的开发方式需要改变，同时需要减少注入水对油层造成的冷伤害，因此开展了干热岩辅助采油可行性研究。干热岩辅助采油技术是利用干热岩抽取地下热能加热油层，以降低原油粘度、提高原油流动能力。在技术配套方面，无论钻深井，还是稠油热采技术，都是成熟的。干热岩的热能源于核幔边界的地热,分布广泛、清洁、可再生。研究表明，干热岩辅助采油技术针对性较强，是对现有蒸汽吞吐+蒸汽驱热采技术的有效继承，技术上具有可行性，并有可能推动相关技术的发展，符合中国节能减排的基本国策。建议在有利区块率先开展先导试验。

关键词：干热岩辅助采油冷伤害热采稠油热水驱水热裂解

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The influence of slope collapse on water exchange between a pit lake and a heterogeneous aquifer

Bo Zhang, Xilai Zheng, Tianyuan Zheng, Jia Xin, Shuai Sui, Di Zhang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1104-9

摘要：

Slope collapse will reduce the water exchange.

Slope collapse will affect the spatial distribution of the water exchange.

Precipitation have the most impact on the dynamics of the water exchange.

关键词： Pit lake Slope collapse Groundwater–surface water interactions Numerical simulation

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地下水封岩洞油库设计、施工的基本原则

王梦恕,杨会军

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第4期页码 11-16

摘要：

我国对大量石油储存的需求使石油贮备库的建设势在必行，地下水封岩洞油库是储存油品的最好形式。文章介绍了地下水封岩洞油库的密封原理、类型、优点等并重点对其选址、设计、施工进行介绍。笔者旨在提出地下水封岩洞油库的主要特点和规划、设计、施工的基本原则及标准，并指出我国尚未形成关于大规模地下水封岩洞油库设计、施工的完整技术，缺少指导性规范。开展地下水封岩洞油库的关键设计与施工技术研究具有重大的现实意义。

关键词：地下水封储油库岩洞设计施工

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Responses of microbial interactions to elevated salinity in activated sludge microbial community

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1660-x

摘要：

● Salinity led to the elevation of NAR over 99.72%.

关键词： Elevated salinity Activated sludge system Pollution removal Microbial interactions Competitive relationship

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软弱千枚岩地层围岩亚分级及支护方式研究

齐万鹏,张德华,严竞雄,史振宇

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第1期页码 98-104

摘要：

包家山隧道穿越的千枚岩地层工程地质复杂，断层多，岩体性质变化大，围岩稳定性差，遇水极易软化。依据现有围岩分级的施工方法进行施工，施工中多次出现掉块、坍塌现象。在确定包家山隧道千枚岩基本水理性质基础上，依据《铁路隧道设计规范》（TB10003-2005），运用国标《工程岩体分极标准》（GB50218-94）中岩体基本质量指标（BQ），对隧道IV、V级千枚岩进行了较为细致的分级，将IV、V级围岩分为两个亚级，建立了千枚岩围岩施工阶段亚级分级方法。获得了不同亚级的包家山千枚岩隧道施工方法，并运用该亚分级对应的

关键词：隧道施工千枚岩亚分级软化水理性质

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Microfluidics for cell-cell interactions: A review

Rui Li,Xuefei Lv,Xingjian Zhang,Omer Saeed,Yulin Deng

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 90-98 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1550-2

摘要： Microfluidic chip has been applied in various biological fields owing to its low-consumption of reagents, high throughput, fluidic controllability and integrity. The well-designed microscale intermediary is also ideal for the study of cell biology. Particularly, microfluidic chip is helpful for better understanding cell-cell interactions. A general survey of recent publications would help to generalize the designs of the co-culture chips with different features. With ingenious and combinational utilization, the chips facilitate the implementation of some special co-culture models that are highly concerned in a different spatial and temporal way.

关键词： microfluidic chip co-culture cell-cell interactions review

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Computational methods for fracture in rock: a review and recent advances

Ali JENABIDEHKORDI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 273-287 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0459-5

摘要： We present an overview of the most popular state-of-the-art computational methods available for modelling fracture in rock. The summarized numerical methods can be classified into three categories: Continuum Based Methods, Discrete Crack Approaches, and Block-Based Methods. We will not only provide an extensive review of those methods which can be found elsewhere but particularly address their potential in modelling fracture in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering. In this context, we will discuss their key applications, assumptions, and limitations. Furthermore, we also address ‘general’ difficulties that may arise for simulating fracture in rock and fractured rock. This review will conclude with some final remarks and future challenges.

关键词： numerical modelling method development rock mechanics fractured rock rock fracturing